📘 Topic: Build smarter formulas with multiple conditions
🧠 Why This Matters:
In real-world spreadsheets, decisions often depend on more than one condition. That’s where combining IF() with AND() or OR() unlocks advanced decision logic.
✅ 1. IF + AND – All Conditions Must Be True
📌 Use when multiple conditions must all be TRUE for the result to trigger.
Formula:
=IF(AND(A2>50, B2=“Yes”), “Approved”, “Pending”)
🔍 Explanation:
Use Case:
Grant approval only if marks are above 50 and confirmation is Yes.
✅ 2. IF + OR – Any One Condition Must Be True
📌 Use when only one of multiple conditions needs to be TRUE.
Formula:
=IF(OR(A2>90, B2=“Gold”), “Priority”, “Normal”)
🔍 Explanation:
Use Case:
Assign priority if score is high or user is a gold customer.
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🔁 4. Combine with Text, Numbers & Dates
=IF(AND(B2=“Admin”, C2=“Active”), “Access”, “No Access”)
⚠️ 5. Common Mistakes to Avoid
❌ Forgetting to close all brackets → Excel will throw an error
❌ Mixing up AND and OR logic → Results won’t behave as expected
❌ Case sensitivity: Excel’s IF is not case-sensitive, but match carefully for clarity
🧠 Summary
FunctionUse When You Want…AND()✅ All conditions must be trueOR()✅ Any one condition can be trueIF()👇 Choose result based on logical outcomeCombo🔄 Advanced decisions in dashboards & logic
🎯 Try This Challenge:
If marks are above 80 OR the student is in “Topper” group, return “Star Student”, else “Needs Review”:
=IF(OR(A2>80, B2=“Topper”), “Star Student”, “Needs Review”)
